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Age. Age itself is a risk factor for AMD. In fact, people between the ages of 65 and 74 have a 1-in-5 chance of developing the disease. Over the age of 75, the chance increases to nearly 1-in-3.
Smoking. Studies have shown links between cigarette smoking and increased risk of both "wet" and "dry" AMD. Current heavy smoking is associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of AMD with vision loss.
Genetics. Family history appears to play a role in AMD. Therefore, people with relatives with the disease should be especially vigilant about having their eyes tested. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) recommends that patients who have blood relatives with AMD have their eyes checked every 2 years.
Sun Exposure. According to the AAO, studies show that repeated exposure to the sun's rays can contribute to eye disorders that commonly develop as we age, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts.
Gender, Race. AMD is more common in women than in men. Whites are more susceptible to AMD than are people of other races.
Poor Nutrition. Poor nutrition can play a role in the development of common eye diseases. The good news: supplements containing antioxidants and zinc may reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and vision loss.
Other Eye Diseases Studies show that people with cataracts, glaucoma, and farsightedness have a greater risk of developing AMD.
High Cholesterol. Elevated serum cholesterol levels have been shown to increase the risk of AMD.
High Blood Pressure. Hypertension is also a risk factor associated with AMD, studies show.
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